What does "sea denial" primarily aim to achieve?

Sea denial primarily aims to prevent an adversary from using a maritime area effectively, denying them the advantages of that area for operational purposes. This concept often involves a combination of naval power, maritime surveillance, and threats to deter enemy forces from operating freely.

By focusing on denying access rather than completely blocking it, sea denial allows for flexibility in military strategy. The goal is to disrupt and limit an opponent's naval operations without necessarily having to engage in direct confrontation or completely eliminate their presence in the area. This can lead to tactical advantages in broader maritime operations and supports the overall objectives of maritime warfare.

Other choices describe different aspects of maritime strategy. For example, completely blocking access may imply a defensive posture rather than a strategic approach. Enhancing maritime trade routes and protecting international shipping lanes are more about securing and facilitating movement than denying an adversary's access, which is the essence of the sea denial concept.