What is meant by "navigational warfare"?

Navigational warfare refers to actions aimed at denying or disrupting an adversary's ability to navigate effectively, particularly in military contexts. This can involve a range of strategies and tactics designed to hinder the movement of enemy forces or vessels by targeting international shipping routes, employing electronic warfare to interfere with navigation systems, or utilizing physical barriers and mines. The overarching goal is to gain an advantage in maritime operations by making it difficult for the opponent to maneuver or position their assets effectively.

In contrast, improving navigation systems or enhancing maritime trade focuses on promoting and facilitating navigation rather than impeding it. Training navigation professionals also does not align with the concept of navigational warfare, as it emphasizes skill development over disruption of navigational capabilities. The core of navigational warfare lies in creating challenges for the enemy's navigation processes, making the correct choice about denying or disrupting navigation ability.